Перевод текста(нормальный и осмысленный, а не с онлайн переводчика): The Magna Carta At the heart of...

Magna Carta limited government representative government King John English history constitutional law civil rights fair trial taxation British liberties
0

Перевод текста(нормальный и осмысленный, а не с онлайн переводчика):

The Magna Carta

At the heart of the English system are two principles of government –

limited government and representative government. The idea that

government was not all-powerful first appeared in the Magna Carta, or

Great Charter, that King John** signed in 1215 under the threat of civil

war.

Earlier kings of England had issued charters, making promises to their

barons. But these were granted by, not exacted from the king and were very

generally phrased. Later the tension between the Kings and the nobility

increased. Since 1199 John’s barons had to be promised their rights. It is,

therefore, not surprising that Stephen Langton, archbishop of Canterbury, 35

directed baronial unrest into a demand for a solemn grant of liberties by the

king. The document known as the Articles of the Barons was at last agreed

upon and became the text from which the final version of the charter was

drafted and sealed by John on June 15, 1215.

The Magna Carta established the principle of limited government, in

which the power of the monarch, or government, was limited, not absolute.

This document provided for protection against unjust punishment and the

loss of life, liberty, and property except according to law. It stipulated that

no citizen could be punished or kept in prison without a fair trial. Under the

Magna Carta, the king agreed that certain taxes could not be levied without

popular consent.

Although the Magna Carta was originally intended to protect

aristocracy and not the ordinary citizens, it came in time to be regarded as a

cornerstone of British liberties. It is one of the oldest written constitutional

papers.

avatar
задан 6 месяцев назад

3 Ответа

0

The Magna Carta, also known as the Great Charter, is a historical document that played a crucial role in shaping the principles of limited and representative government in England. Signed by King John in 1215 under the threat of civil war, it marked a significant shift in the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility.

Prior to the Magna Carta, earlier kings had issued charters to their barons, but these promises were not always upheld and were generally vaguely worded. However, as tensions between the Kings and the nobility grew, King John's barons began demanding explicit guarantees of their rights.

Under the guidance of Archbishop Stephen Langton, the barons pushed for a formal grant of liberties from the king, leading to the creation of the Articles of the Barons. This document eventually evolved into the Magna Carta, which was sealed by King John on June 15, 1215.

The Magna Carta established the principle of limited government, ensuring that the power of the monarch was not absolute. It laid out protections against unjust punishment and safeguarded the rights to life, liberty, and property, emphasizing the importance of fair trials and popular consent for certain taxes.

While initially aimed at protecting the aristocracy, the Magna Carta eventually came to be seen as a foundation of British liberties and an important precedent for constitutional law. It remains one of the oldest written constitutional documents, symbolizing the enduring legacy of the struggle for individual rights and the rule of law in England.

avatar
ответил 6 месяцев назад
0

The Magna Carta was a document signed by King John in 1215 under the threat of civil war, establishing the principles of limited government and representative government in England. It provided protection against unjust punishment and ensured certain rights for citizens, such as fair trials and the need for popular consent for taxes. Despite originally being for the aristocracy, it later became a cornerstone of British liberties and is one of the oldest written constitutional papers.

avatar
ответил 6 месяцев назад
0

Магна Карта

В основе английской системы управления лежат два принципа – ограниченное правление и представительное правление. Идея о том, что власть правительства не безгранична, впервые появилась в Магна Карте, или Великой Хартии, которую король Иоанн подписал в 1215 году под угрозой гражданской войны.

Предыдущие короли Англии выдавали хартии, давая обещания своим баронам. Однако эти хартии были предоставлены королем, а не вынуждены у него, и формулировались очень общо. Позже напряженность между королями и знатью усилилась. С 1199 года баронам Иоанна приходилось обещать их права. Поэтому неудивительно, что Стивен Лэнгтон, архиепископ Кентерберийский, направил баронское недовольство в требование торжественного предоставления свобод королем. Документ, известный как «Статьи баронов», в конце концов был согласован и стал текстом, из которого была составлена итоговая версия хартии, заверенная Иоанном 15 июня 1215 года.

Магна Карта установила принцип ограниченного правления, при котором власть монарха или правительства была ограничена, а не абсолютна. Этот документ предусматривал защиту от несправедливого наказания и потери жизни, свободы и собственности, кроме как в соответствии с законом. В нем было указано, что ни один гражданин не может быть наказан или содержаться в тюрьме без справедливого суда. По Магна Карте король согласился, что некоторые налоги не могут взиматься без народного согласия.

Хотя изначально Магна Карта была предназначена для защиты аристократии, а не обычных граждан, со временем она стала рассматриваться как краеугольный камень британских свобод. Это один из старейших письменных конституционных документов.

avatar
ответил 6 месяцев назад

Ваш ответ

Вопросы по теме